Composting is the most appropriate means of generating organic manure by reusing garden and kitchen waste. Composting can be described as the process by which complex organic components present in plants and animals are decomposed into simple materials with the intervention of microorganisms present in the soil. Decomposed organic components are then absorbed into the soil. Decomposition is a natural process that happens gradually over a period of time. Composting is a way to hasten the process of decomposition.
There are primarily two types of microorganisms that direct the process of decomposition or composting. Microorganisms that require oxygen are called as aerobic microbes. These microbes have a prominent role in decomposing classic outdoor compost pile. Hence, it is important to aerate compost pile present outdoors quite frequently by either making holes or turning the pile outside down. Microorganisms that do not require oxygen for growth are called anaerobic microbes. These types of microbes are useful for composting during winters. The organic waste along with the soil can be filled into a large plastic trash bin which is tightly covered for a brief period of time so as to initiate anaerobic decomposition. The microbes work efficiently when the soil is slightly alkaline, moist and has a temperature of 60°F.
Once the compost is ready, it looks like a coarse, dark-brown colored, peat-like material which is called as humus. This humus is used as organic manure while sowing seeds in an indoor garden. Compost provides nutrients, retains water, improves soil texture and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. Plants growing on organic compost are better resistant to diseases and attacks from pests. However, one should never use diseased materials or materials treated with herbicides for the purpose of composting.
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